Low-Cost Gift Ideas for College Students

If youre like most college students, buying gifts present a complicated dilemma: Youd like to give nice presents but you are, after all, a college student trying to live on a budget. So how can you balance wanting to give nice presents with the limits of your bank account? Luckily, there are ways to give low-cost gifts without coming across as cheap. 8 Low-Cost Gift Ideas for College Students Print out and frame a nice picture. With everything being digital these days, try to remember the last time someone gave you a printed-out picture that you can hang on your wall -- and how nice that present was (or would be!). If youre really short on cash, print something at the highest quality available on your printer and make a nice frame to match. Give a simple college-themed gift. While the $60 sweatshirts in the campus bookstore are pretty nice, they might also be out of your budget. See what else you can find that celebrates your time in school while costing a little less. Keychains, bumper stickers, t-shirts on the clearance rack (will your cousin really know?), plastic cups, and lots of other presents can be had for under $10 -- and even under $5, if you really spend some time looking. Give the gift of time. Money may be in tight supply for you, but time may not be -- especially if you need a gift for the holidays when youre home on break. Consider planning a nice walk with your mom, ​volunteering with your dad, hanging out with your friend at his work one afternoon, or even babysitting for your parents so they can get some time to themselves. Make something from scratch. Nearly everyone has some kind of creative talent. Think about what you do best and run with it. Can you write a few poems? Paint a picture? Mold something out of clay? Take some awesome photographs? Make something from wood? Write a song? Record yourself singing your mothers favorite tunes? Dont sell yourself short as a great source of gifts you can make completely on your own. Put together a piece of your life at college. It doesnt have to be fancy to be effective. If, say, your grandmother never had the chance to go to college, put together a shadow box or collage of images from your time in school. You can collect things like stickers, fall leaves, a page from the course catalog, or articles from the school paper to give her a piece of what your college life is like. Make a memory box for an old friend or family member. You can probably find a nice little box somewhere on campus or at a local big box or drug store. Cut up some nice pieces of paper and write a cherished memory of you and the person youre giving your gift to; fold them over once or twice; Then write a nice card that explains the gift and says how often they can unwrap one of the little memories in the box (once a week? once a month?) It can be a great trip down memory lane for you and a very personal, meaningful gift for an old friend or beloved family member. Frame a design you make. Who says only a photograph can go in a picture frame? Start with a piece of paper and get creative. Print or cut out quotes about the importance of education, snip headlines from your school paper, take (or sketch) a picture of your school -- as long as you put together something with a similar theme (e.g., your campus), its hard to make a homemade gift like this look bad. Let your creativity flow without worrying about the cost. Switch up a usual gift into something different. Dinner and a movie is a pretty classic gift for a girlfriend, boyfriend, or even a parents birthday. But if your money is tight, you can switch things up to have an equally good time without the high cost. Consider, for example, going to breakfast and a movie. The food bill will be cheaper, your movie will likely be a matinee (and cheaper than an evening film), and you and the person you take will have a unique experience, too.

Hesitation Phenomena Free Essays

Hesitation phenomena is one of two types of pauses that occur during our speech and the other type is breathing pauses. Although hesitation does not have a linguistic function, it plays a role in the study of speech production and speech planning. There are three main categories of hesitation: 1- silent pauses,   2- filled pauses, which composes of non-linguistic or non-lexical vocalizations and the most common ones are: umm, ah and er. We will write a custom essay sample on Hesitation Phenomena or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3- speech disturbances such as slips of the tongue, stuttering, repeating, omitting or repairing speech. Psycholinguists have paid special attention as to where these pauses -whether silent or filled- occur in our speech. Some studies- like the one conducted by Boomer 1965- found that pauses are more frequent after the first word in the phonemic clause. On the other hand, some studies found that most pauses occur before important lexical words. Even though the findings of these studies goes to different directions, it has one thing in common that it suggest that speech planning and speech production are processes that happen in a parallel manner.In this experiment subjects are asked to perform tasks on speaking spontaneously and reading aloud as well as talking about a concrete object and an abstract concept. All topics are determined by the experiment conductors. The aim of this experiment is to ascertain whether the frequency of hesitation is higher in one of the tasks and to find whether hesitation occurs mostly in clauses or between them. Subjects All subjects participants in this experiment are undergraduate females ages 20-24 and speak English as a second language.Experiments conducted on 5 subjects. Methods : We’ve applied our experiments systematically putting in considerations the rules we must follow in order to get clear results. First of all we’ve chosen three different topics for our experiments : ( Reading aloud Vs Spontaneous speech ):1 †¢ We’ve chosen ( Chocolate production ) as a topic that the participants should talk about , a passage which is 17 lines including difficult concepts and lexical words . †¢ Then we’ve decided to have a standardized duration of recording each data which is one minute . The participants included in this experiments will read the passage , at the same time we prepares a recorder to record the speaker while she’s talking . †¢ One important aspect that we had to put into consideration is that the recording should be 100% clear i n order to be easy for us for analyzing the speech . †¢ After the speaker finish reading the passage, here comes our rule to analyze the record tape putting in our minds the types of hesitation pauses such as † pauses , complex pauses , filled pauses and word lengthening † After that the speaker should speak spontaneously about chocolate , we prepares our tape recorder and a stop watch because in this step the participants are allowed to talk only for 1 minute. Sometimes we get forced to interrupt the speaker because of the one-minute limit. 2 ( Concrete Vs Abstract ): In this experiment we’ve chosen two different general topics that the speaker should talk about : Concrete : Food Abstract : Democracy †¢ Before the speaker started to talk about the Concrete topic which is food we should prepare a recorder and stop watch. The speaker must talk for 1 minute about food. †¢ Then, we will replay the sound clip and write our comments. †¢ And when we come to the Abstract topic which is democracy, we will follow the same procedure. By conducting those experiments, including their steps systematically, we will be provided with results that will help us in drawing a clear, final conclusion that we wish to reach. Data: |Speaking spontaneously |Reading aloud | |†¦.I don’t know much about chocolate , but I know it is a tree ,|The strange-looking tree that is the source of chocolate was | |I mean that we can have chocolate from a tree specialize only |named Th-Theobroma cacao, food of the gods, over 200 years ago | |in producing chocolate [uh]†¦. and there is I mean there are |by the great Swedish botanist; [uh] Carolus Linnaeus. The | |different types of chocolate liquid, milky and solid†¦.. There |bright red or yellow cacao seed pods grow directly from the | |are different colors and flavors white chocolate which tends to|trunk of the tree.Each pod contains 30-40 almond like white | |be milky, brown which is the original and [uh] oh yes the dark |seeds in a sticky, unappetizing pulp that resembles insect | |chocolate which is flavored like coffee. We-ll†¦ what else to |larvae [uh]. Scientists generally agree that the native people | |say [laughs] oh yes I like chocolate although it has a lot of |of South America were initially attracted to this cacao pulp | |calories and makes you fat [laughs] and [um] that’s it. |for its sweetness.But no one knows for certain what led to the| | |discovery of chocolate in the bitter and inedible raw seeds. | | |Cacao trees grow only in the regions within 20 degrees | | |noth-.. north and 20 degrees south of the equator . [um] | | |Scientists believes that the first species of cacao grow in | | |South America. |I love chocolate†¦ specially the dark one†¦ It’s really  good |The strange looking tree†¦ that is the source of chocolate was| |for the heart and [um] it’s really rich in caffeine [uh] I also|named [um]†¦ Thobroma cacao, food of the gods over 200 years | |love chocolate cake, chocolate ice-cream and everything that |ago by the great Swedish botanist, [um]. .. Carolus Linnaeus. | |has chocolate in it†¦ [uh] . .. But I always worry about the |The bright red or yellow cacao seed†¦ pods grow directly from | |calories in the chocolate.. . products that I eat because I can |the trunk of the tree.Each pod contains†¦ 30-40 almond-like | |get really fat real quick if I eat chocolate all the time.. . so|white seeds†¦ in a sticky†¦ unappetizing pulp†¦ that | |I try not to snack on chocolate that much †¦ but we really |resembles insect la. .. larvae. Scientists generally agree that | |can’t resist it can we? I mean it’s just a guilty pleasure†¦ |the native people of South America were. .. initially†¦ | |and it tastes so good  and there is nothing like chocolate. I |attracted to this cacao pulp for its sweetness. But†¦ no one | |mean, you can fake it, try healthy stuff†¦ ut really nothing |knows for certain what led to the discovery of chocolate in the| |taste like chocolate even caramel is not  as sweet as |bitter and [um] inedible. . | |chocolate†¦ | | |First of a-ll [uh] I wanna say that chocolate is [uh] one type |The strange looking tree that is the source of chocolate was | |of my favorite food [uh] I pref-er many types of chocolate, I |named [uh] the o†¦ the obroma cacao.. food [uh] food of the go. †¦| |don’t like white chocolate or dark chocolate [um].What else, |food of the gods, over 200 years ago by the great Swedish bo.. | |my favorite type more specificall-y is Galaxy†¦. [uh], from |botanist , [uh] carols†¦. Linnaeus. The bright red or yellow | |other names of chocolate [um], what else, I like to eat |cacao seed po-ds grow directly from the trunk of the tree. Each| |chocolate as a [uh] a dessert o-r even during a meal†¦.. [um]†¦. |pod contains 30-40 almond like white seeds in a sticky, [uh] | |[laughs], let me think†¦. I don’t like [uh] chocolate-flavored |unappetizing pu-pulp that resem†¦[uh] resembles an.. uh] insect| |cake. |larvae. Scientists generally agree that the native people of | | |South America were initially attracted to this cacao pulp for | | |its s-sweetness. | |Hi [laughs] I-’ll talk about chocolate. Chocolate is†¦ [um] nice|The strange-looking tree that is the source of chocolate was | |sweet kind of food, is brown of course [laughs]. Some chocolate|named th-e obr-ama cacao, food of gods, over 200 years ag-o by | |is dark and other is light chocolate.And we have also white |the great Swe-dish bo-tanist, carolus [laugh] Linnaeus. The | |chocolate†¦. [um] I really like chocolate that much because I |bright red yellow cacao se-ed pods grow directly from the | |like any kind of sweet that has chocolate†¦[um] like nice†¦ [um] |tru-nk of the tree. Each pod contains 30-40 almond†¦[eh] like | |cupcake, ice-cream, I don’t know [laughs] that’s all what I |white seeds in a sticky, una–ppetizing pulp that resembles | |have about chocolate. O-k I prefer light chocolate than dark |insect lar–vae.Scientists generally agree that native people | |chocolate because it’s a little bit better. |of South America were initially attracted to this cacao pulp | | |for its sweetness. | |[um] Chocolate i-s the thing that I-.. worship the most in my |The strange-looking tree that is the source of chocolate was | |life. [em] I honestly [uh] I adore chocolate, I’m addicted to |named †¦. Theobroma c-cacao, food of the gods, over 200 years | |chocolate. I feel pleasure when I eat chocolate. I feel [uh] |ago by the great Swedish bo-botanist, Carolus Linnaeus.The | |more active even though I’m a lazy person. [uhh]. . What else†¦. |bright red o-r yellow cacao seed †¦ [uh] pods grow directly from| |[laughs]†¦ healthy? No, not for me, no because I have acne so- |the trunk of the tree. Each pod contains [uh] 30-40 almond-like| |it raises so much a-nd it hurts a lot but I can’t quit†¦.. |white seeds in a sticky, un-unappetizing [uh] pulp that | |[laughs] what else? I hate dark chocolate [uh] but I like the |resembles [uh] insect la-larvae. [uh] Scientists generally | |white chocolate and milk chocolate. The type I like the most |agree that the native people of South America were initially | |i-s actually brown chocolate. |attracted to this cacao pulp for its sweetness. | |Concrete |Abstract | |Fo-od, actually I don’t like food that’s why am thin†¦ [um] no, |Demo-cracy†¦ actually, I don’t know much about democracy and I’m| |I like some sort of food like , for example, [um] some kind of |not interested in democracy, but all I know is that†¦ democrac-y| |Chinese food, Italian food like pizza, basta, no I hate basta†¦. is something li-ke†¦ you have the right of choice or you are | |[uh] I like light kind of food not heavy o-r†¦ [laugh]†¦. [um] I |free to do whatever you like, whatever you want †¦. [um] as long | |like fast food and I hate food that made at home or in houses |it has the benefit of the whole society†¦ This is what I think, | |because I think it’s a little bit hea–vy and causes stomach | an-d here in Kuwait, all the things that they are practicing is| |ache most of the time — [eh] yeah.. Food, I do like sweet |democracy in Kuwait†¦ but I don’t think so †¦[um] that’s why | |food more than salty food I don’t know why, maybe because I’m |there is something they always fight for. This is all what I | |like children. |know about democra-cy and I’m really not interested in | | |democracy b-ut I think if you practice it in a correct way or| | |in a rig-ht way †¦. [um] it will be a nice thing [laugh]. | |[um] Food is what keeps us alive [uh] it’s my guilty |Democracy is reedom†¦ it’s very important because without | |pleasure†¦ i love food [um]†¦ I think about it almost all the|freedom you have nothing. .. without freedom we are not | |time [um] †¦ I love nutritional healthy food [uh] to keep me |humans.. . [uh] I think it’s very important for countries to have| |healthy [uh] but I also like junk food or fried food which I |a democratic system [uh] rather than a communist one [uh] | |know everyone say that we shouldn’t eat but†¦ after all we are|because that [uh] encourages the society to be [uh] well, more | |only living once so [um] †¦ hy not eat all the food you |intellectual and mo-re productive perhaps. And to feel a sense | |want†¦ you can always exercise †¦ and burn it†¦ what else |of loyalty and [um] †¦ well without democracy we will have | |. .. [uh] †¦ well i also love foo-d from different cultures, |civil wars and [uh] rebellion actions and maybe revolution. So | |from different [um] . .. like †¦ different cuisines. |definitely, I think democracy [uh] maintain the peace and order| | |in the country. .. nd also maintain the relationships with | | |other countries. | |Food, yummy! [laughs] Food is important in our life, provide us|[oh] Such an interesting topic [laughs] Democracy is related to| |with energy specially the health food , ops! Sorry, I mean |politics and it is applied by satisfy all the groups in your | |healthy food like fruits and vegetables†¦ And here in Kuwait we |country to practice their rights equally [uh]†¦. Here in | |have different restaurants which specialize with different |Kuwait.. -ell, Kuwait is considered as one of the democratic | |types of food like Chinese, Indian, American and Kuwaiti food |countries and you can see that through media and journalism and| |[uh]†¦. W-ell, my favorite is Chinese [laughs]†¦. what to say |I mean journalism from the days o f sheikh Abdallah Al-Salem, | |[um]†¦ Ok, I have an advice, beware of what you are eating |so– if there is no democracy the society will be divided into | |because it will affect your health a-nd [uh] practice sports in|groups and a war may start.Thank god we are in a democratic | |order to not be fat like me [laughs]. |area [laughs] | |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. [uh] Food generally is [uh] considered as [uh] one |Ok, democracy and the concept of democracy in the world.. [uh] | |requirement of†¦ requirement to live [uh] in order to live, you |the concept of democracy in the world differs [uh], if you | |have to eat †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦[uh] generally I†¦ I like to eat, you know, many |consider generally or specifically. Most nations or countries | |types of food. uh] I’m not a picky person in my†¦ food.. and |assume they are democratic .. democratic or they†¦ look for, or| |I-†¦ and I like to try new†¦ new dishes of food [um], on the |seek democracy. But, in fact or indeed they .. are very very | |other hand, I specifically don’t like meat . |very , you know, away from democracy. To me I think democracy | | |is [uh] democracy is that space of freedom which enables you | | |to.. uh] to act freely but this freedom ends when you hurt | | |someone or [um] others. . oth-others around you . | |Ok, when it comes to food I’m not healthy. I’m so addicted to |[uh].. Democracy.. When I hear the word democracy I always | |junk food [uh] though I like American food, Italian but I hate |relate it to [uh] something that.. has to do with politics | |Chinese kind of food. [uhh] I don’t like rice alth-ough at home|which I have no clue about.I don’t have enough knowledge about| |they cook a lot of rice, like†¦ in every single minute of the |policy and I don’t want to know anything about policy but | |day. [um] A-nd [uh]†¦ I’m not organized in my eating schedule. |democracy [uh]. . al-so has to do with our daily life [er] you | |Like [uh].. I’m only obligated to eat breakfast and that’s all. |know, I can compare it .. or . . it could be equal to-.. justice| |And then the rest of the day is all junk food. [uh]†¦ But I like|maybe.. to be-. . fair. [uh] Democracy may-be†¦ could be.. [um] | |to go on a healthy diet, you know.But I’m luck I’m on shape, |between parents a-nd their children maybe. They can be | |thank God. |democratic, like, [uh] not- not to prefer a child over another†¦| | |maybe. | Analysis: Categorizing according to types of pauses: When examining the data we collected, we could pinpoint four types of speech pauses: silent pauses, filled pauses, word lengthening and nervous laughter. Complex pauses such as swallowing, breathing and stops between sentences were not taken into consideration.Also, timing was not included. |Types of hesitation pauses taken into account | |Filled pauses (uh, um, .. etc) | |Silence (†¦. ) | |Word lengthening (we-ll, .. etc) | |Nervous laughter | Results: Speaking spontaneously |Reading aloud | | |24 |18 |Silent pauses | |25 |16 |Filled pauses | |12 |20 |Word lengthening | |8 |1 |Nervous Laughter | |69 |55 |Total | | 55. 6% |44. 3% |Percentage | [pic] [pic] |Abstract |Concrete | |20 |27 |Silent pauses | |20 |27 |Filled pauses | |14 |9 |Word lengthening | |2 |4 |Nervous Laughter | |56 |67 |Total | |45. 5% |54. 4% |Percentage | [pic] [pic] Discussion: Many people tend to hesitate to make important decisions or to take necessary action. Hesitation might be caused by lack of self-confidence, nervousness, or the person may be looking for a feedback for what s/he will talk about.It seems like subjects hesitate before difficult and unfamiliar names to them. Example; in reading aloud experiment, (#1) they hesitate before the noun (Thobroma cacao) and before (Carolus Linnaeus). Also they may hesitate in the middle of the word (#4) (Swe-dish) because they are trying to read the word. They also hesitate at the beginning of sentences because they are thinking of how to express their thoughts. Example in speaking spontaneously (#3) said (First of a-ll [uh] I wanna say that chocolate is [uh] one type of my favorite food [uh] I pref-er many types of chocolate, I don’t like white chocolate or dark chocolate). Subjects hesitate before giving causes, example from abstract VS oncrete, (#2) ([uh] because that [uh] encourages the society to be [uh] well, more intellectual and mo-re productive perhaps. ). In these experiments, subjects tended to hesitate before choosing a lexical item which is semantically appropriate for their sentences (nouns, verbs). They tended to hesitate more when they say something in a wrong way and try to repair or correct it. Example from abstract VS concrete, (#4) (†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. [uh] Food generally is [uh] considered as [uh] one requirement of†¦ requirement to live [uh] in order to live, you have to eat †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦[uh] generally I†¦ I like to eat, you know, many types of food. ). Our experiment in spontaneous speech and reading aloud shows that a person hesitates more in speaking spontaneously than in reading aloud.This is clear in the cases of silent pauses (24 in comparison to 18), filled pauses (25,16) and nervous laughter (8,1). But in word lengthening it is more in reading than speaking (20, 12). The other experiment is talking about concrete / every day things VS talking about an abstract concept. A person should hesitate more in abstract concepts than concrete objects but in our experiment, it surprisingly shows different results in which a person hesitate more in concrete than abstract concept. And silent pauses are more frequent in concrete (27, 20). Filling pauses are also more in concrete (27, 20), the nervous laughter is (4, 2). On the other hand, the word lengthening (14, 9) which is more in the abstract than concrete. Conclusion :In our experiment, hesitation was measured by counting the numbers of hesitation pauses in speech. It appears that under certain conditions of speech production the hesitation pauses reflect different reasons. Hesitation could be caused by either psychological factors or internal processes. Psychological as in the person could be nervous or lacks self-confidence (nervous laughter), or internal processes as in the person may be looking for a feedback for what s/he will talk about in spontaneous speech whether abstract or concrete, or when facing new lexical items such as ([uh] Carolus Linnaeus) or less frequent words ([um] inedible) in reading aloud.We have expected subjects to hesitate more in Speaking spontaneously in comparison to Reading aloud for a reason which is; subjects need to plan what they’re going to say and have to mentally construct grammatically and semantic ally correct sentences which, predictably takes more time than just reading a text that has been prepared beforehand, no matter how many difficult lexical items were in said text. The results came out supporting our assumption. Indeed, planning for speech consumes more time than reading. What was surprising to us was that hesitation was more in the second experiment in talking about the concrete concept more than the abstract object.The results were opposite to what we previously expected. The frequency of hesitation in concrete was 54. 4% to 45. 5% for the abstract. A possible explanation for such results could be that we constantly try to explain the abstract concepts in our minds while concrete concepts are taken for granted i. e. we don’t have to think about them, they’re there in front of our eyes. But a major point we would like to point to is English is a second language for all the subjects who took part in our experiment that might have been another reason for the hesitation in our experiments. All of the reasons mentioned above are not only reasons but actually examples of hesitation in our lives.Fox Tree (1995) estimated that the rate of disfluencies in spontaneous speech is about 6 words per 100 . Therefore, it is fairly common in our lives. Unfortunately we could not find any studies supporting or contradicting what we reached. References: Aichitson Jean – The articulate Mammal – Fifth edition Fox Tree, J. E. (1995). The effects of false starts and repetitions on the processing of subsequent words in spontaneous speech. Journal of Memory and Language, 34,709. 738 http://hourglass. rskrose. com/archives/5 Sophia University – A study by Hede Helfrich ———————– Hesitation Phenomena Reading Aloud VS Speaking Spontaneously Concrete VS Abstract How to cite Hesitation Phenomena, Papers

About myself free essay sample

. My name is Natalia. My family name is Govorova. I am 15. I was born in 1982 in Chelyabinsk. I live in a little town of Usinsk in the Komi Republic. My reference is Flat 116, 19, Pionerskaya Street. My phone figure is 41-5-81. I am a student. I go to school Numbers 1. I am a good student. I do good in all topics. They say, that I am a hardworking individual. To state the truth, all school subjects come easy for me but sometimes. I have to sit much, for illustration, to make lessons in Physics or Chemistry, to compose a composing or to larn a verse form by bosom. But my favorite topic is English. I spend much clip on it reading books, making trials etc. May be, English and larning it will be a portion of my hereafter carreer. I like reading. I think cartoon strips and detective narratives are much easier to read but I prefer to read novels historical or up-to-date. We will write a custom essay sample on About myself or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I like music. My musical gustatory sensations are different, but it depends on my temper. But I think every apple is good in its season. I play the piano and the guitar, non earnestly, but for my psyche. Sometimes I like to listen to the Russian classical music. My favorite composers are Chaikovsky and Mozart. I don’t like stone music, but I like  «Queen » and  «Beatles » . Besides I like Russian common people vocals. I have non much clip to watch IV but sometimes I spend an hr or two watching an interesting movie or a intelligence programme. In the eventide I frequently read newspapers ( our local 1s ) or magazines. I like fresh air and exercising. I’m sorry I have non much clip for making athleticss. But some aerobic exercises in the forenoon, a swimming-pool twice a hebdomad, a ski-walk on a frigid twenty-four hours are of great aid. Sports is merriment. I have a broad circle of involvements. I # 8217 ; m really sociable, so I get a manner with people. I have many friends, most of them are my class-mates. We spend much clip together, traveling out to the film or to the disco party, talking about lessons and music, discoursing our jobs. But most of all I like my household. We all are great friends and profoundly attached to each other. You see, it # 8217 ; s me a individual with his good and non good features, wishing this and detesting that. But it # 8217 ; s interesting for me to populate, to open new things.

How Are Women Portrayed in the Media free essay sample

How are women portrayed in the New Zealand media? -Consider Bonds advert -Jane Jetson info, Source 19 -NZ Stats/ examples †What is generic is replaceable. With youth and beauty, then the working woman is visible, but insecure, made to feel her qualities are not unique. But, without them, she is invisible-she falls literally ‘out of the picture’†-Beauty Myth Not only women but all people are constantly pigeonholed into categories within the media, people are categorized and prejudiced against (16). The idea of categorizing people has been conditioned into the public mind so that ideas such as ‘all blondes are ditzy’ or ‘all red heads are not only angry but a whole different species’ exist. Divisions are everywhere and it is this same division that is a technique used by corporations to sell their products through the media. Every individual western female has been categorized into a select few genres within modern media, there is the ‘Superwoman†¦mother, wife and career driven’ (8), ‘the femme fatale†¦sex kitten, [and] the nasty corporate climber’ (6). We will write a custom essay sample on How Are Women Portrayed in the Media? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All of these things dictate how a woman behaves or more how a woman is supposed to behave according to the media’s standard. The media places emphasis on age and beauty, â€Å"ads portraying women†¦only [show] body parts† (7) this puts across the idea that women are meat or objects to be looked at not individual people. Women are portrayed in sexualized ways for male attention they are mere objects (7). Females in television are supposed to be young and pretty to be aloud on screen, when compared with males the standard is different. Older male presenters are praised for their maturity however this is not the case with older women. Females in television are expected to be either young or still look as if they are young; age, which is a part of life, is portrayed as a demon. The media portrays that youth is the only form of beauty (18). This is something imprinted on females from a young age, while a boy receives the standard ‘G. I Joe’ or ‘Action Man’ a girl is given the tall blonde idealised ‘Barbie’ as a role model. She is ‘perfect’ in every way but in no way caters to the different female forms let alone races or personalities and has a body figure that is proved impossible to achieve (19). The New Zealand media like many western countries in the world, has adopted the idea that to be an intelligent woman, females have to be masculine or unattractive, and the opposite of this that beautiful woman are unintelligent and only get their jobs because of their looks (18). A program such as New Zealand screened ‘Ugly Betty’ is a direct evidence of this ideal, Betty is the heroine however she is persistently demeaned about her appearance, she receives merit for her work but is not fully appreciated because of her appearance. The program chooses not to use a less fortunate looking person but takes an attractive woman, gives her glasses and braces and deems her ugly, this follows the media’s conception that only standard beautiful women are allowed on screen. A real life portrayal of this is ex New Zealand Prime Minister Helen Clarke. Clarke was praised for her work as Prime Minister and was well known for her mismatched appearance, when the time came for the 2008 elections she was then overtly air brushed in campaign images that were placed throughout the country, this national role model was pushed by the media’s standard for the ideal instead of reality (18). This idea is apparent in New Zealand adverts such as those made by ‘Burger King’ and ‘Primo chocolate milk’. These two adverts show bikini clad women. The Burger King advert has three women bouncing on the back of a single horse together while the Primo advert has another three women riding moon hoppers which they proceed to fall off, the ad then states that they could ‘get more bounce’ if only they drank the forenamed drink. This is the unnecessary sexualisation of women and these two adverts are only used to highlight the women’s breasts, this is in no way for women’s pleasure but simply for men’s (7).

Obscenity Law in the United States & Great Britain essays

Obscenity Law in the United States & Great Britain essays It was until the enlightenment in the 18th century in Britain when nearly all governments along with powerful churches with few exceptions, censored words and ideas considered by them threatening to their supremacy, meaning, for the most part, that words and ideas were considered to be rebellious or blasphemous (Bartlett, 1991). While, in the mid-19th century, United States took its cue from England, and started the official suppression of books and ideas which was not about politics or religion but had sexuality as its subject that in turn was a political subject, since the targets were ideas and information that had threatened domineering attitudes about women's role, social control of sexual behavior and reproduction (Bartlett, 1991). Obscenity Laws Formation in the United States Through passage of laws against "obscenity" this new structure of official government censorship was achieved. The combination of three social factors produced first obscenity laws; that are as follows (Balkin, Victorian-era official morality: this particular factor had its concerns with the attitudes about women's sexual nature or lack The second factor was the fear of corruption by detective stories, novels and other famous literature among newly literate working class Another factor seen by leaders of the middle and upper classes was threaten to the institution of marriage that was facilitating sex for pleasure rather than procreation. Thus, to institutionalize and control sexuality, particularly birth control and abortion information was carried out by means this law (Balkin, 1993). These factors became part of a larger political struggle while the Victorian era was not all button-down prudery; theories of re...

Gucci And Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Gucci And Innovation - Essay Example This paper intends to analyze the employee creativity and innovation as a key focus for most international organizations especially while trying to manage global economic crises in recession. Among other ways through which the multinationals remain strategic and influential in the international, market especially in terms of competition and market segmentation is through organizational processes and products/services differentiation. A key strategy that has been adopted in this regard is through adoption and focus on creativity and innovation. Employees have been very instrumental in ensuring relevance of the international organizations through creativity and innovation. However, the level of innovation and creativity by such employees has been dependent of institutional frameworks and thus organizational leadership becomes very instrumental in empowering the employees for such assignments as designing of products and services for the companies through innovation and creativity (OECD , 2009, p. 5-6). Discussion Innovation is a phenomenon that is socially acceptable, which brings together the ideas of different people and the implementation of the same. Moreover, through innovation, products and services are designed and made through the cooperation of people working together. The success of any organization especially in innovation and creativity requires the collaboration of efforts by the leadership as well as the subordinates. The management/leadership teams within organizations are usually tasked to propel the organization forward with implementation of policies meant for realization of goals and objectives carried on by the organization. In fact, many studies reveal that to many organizations, goals are just one and the same as the performance of the organization itself. However, it is more challenging to realize set goals and there must be some frameworks through which the realization of set goals; short term as well as the long-term goals (Ordonez et al, 2009, p.1-5). The process of driving the international organization towards realization of the set goals entails among other things proper planning and human resource management. International organizations’ management such as is the case with Gucci undertakes the planning in terms of short-term vision as well as long-term vision. Whenever an organization adopts either short-term goals or the long-range vision, continuous improvement is vital in order to realize that long-term objective. Nevertheless, changes in management practices have seen a substantial shift of the management practices from long range planning to much simplified planning structures, which concentrate with very short-term goals that are easy to achieve and evaluate. In order for any business to remain relevant and objective, the periodical evaluation and analysis of performance is critical. Innovation and creativity is such a basic tool that is currently in use in order to realize such goals especially aimed at overcoming the effect o f economic recession that affects the global economy today (Sharma et al, 2010, p. 29-30). In the choice of management practice to adopt, any management team must therefore put profit consideration into perspective. Continuous

CRJ311 Week 3 assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CRJ311 Week 3 assignment - Essay Example Camarena’s body was found on 5 march near a small town of La Angostura while decaying and decomposed in a shallow grave (Conroy, 2013). On the fateful day of his abduction, Camarena left office to meet his wife for lunch. Recordings from a witness indicated that he saw a man being forced to the rare seat of a light colored car, and provided the description of some of the assailants. However, following the launch of the investigation, Raphael Quintero and Ernesto Fonseca were determined as the prime suspect in the case; as a result to their involvement in drug cartel activities. With the involvement of the Mexican federal judicial police (MFJP) in the investigation process, it was determined that Raphael Quintero and his men were fleeing from Mexico through the airport. The investigative team prevented the departure but later allowed after a bride was given to the chief investigator (Pavon Reyes). Acceptance of a bribe was the initial error that led to the obscuring of the whole investigation process. The investigation would thus take a twist of lack of commitment by the investigators. Pressure from America increased for the need to speed up the investigation process. As a result of this, several criminal investigators both from united states and Mexico were directly involved in the investigation process. Due to a large number of investigators involved in the process, it led to occurrences of confusion and miss information in the process. Out of the connection, the Mexican drug traffickers had with the law enforcement agencies both from Mexico and united states; they took the advantage of the confusion and hatched a plan that mislead the investigation team. In the plan, Camarena was held in Bravo drug gang ranch (Valdez, 2013). In as much as involvement of a multi-disciplinary and units in the investigation process is essential for speeding up investigation, it may be detrimental in the investigation of nature where there is a high