Rachel Carson Through The Years Essays - Rachel Carson,

Rachel Carson Through The Years Rachel Carson Rachel Carson is viewed as one of America's best science and nature essayists. She is most popular for her 1962 book, Silent Spring, which is regularly credited with starting the ecological development in the United States. The book focussed on the uncontrolled and frequently aimless utilization of pesticides, particularly dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ordinarily known as DDT), and the hopeless natural harm brought about by these synthetic compounds. The open clamor Carson produced by the book spurred the U.S. Senate to shape a board of trustees to examine pesticide use. Her persuasive declaration before the advisory group modified the perspectives on numerous administration authorities and pushed lead to the formation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Rachel Louise Carson, the most youthful of three youngsters, was conceived on May 27, 1907, in Springdale, Pennsylvania, an unassuming community twenty miles north of Pittsburgh. Her folks, Robert Warden and Maria McLean Carson, lived on sixty-five sections of land and kept dairy animals, chickens, and ponies. In spite of the fact that the land was not a genuine working homestead, it had a lot of woods, creatures, and streams, and here, close to the shores of the Allegheny River, Carsonlearned about the interrelationship between the land and creatures. Carson's mom was the little girl of a Presbyterian priest, and she ingrained in her an adoration for nature and showed her the complexities of music, craftsmanship, and writing. Carson's initial life was one of confinement; she had not many companions other than her felines, and she invested the greater part of her energy perusing and seeking after the investigation of nature. She started composing verse at age eight and distributed her first story, A Battle in the Clouds, in St. Nicholas magazine at ten years old. She later asserted that her expert composing profession started at age eleven, when St. Nicholas paid her a little more than three dollars for one of her articles. Carson intended to seek after a profession as an author when she got a four-year grant in 1925 from the Pennsylvania College for Women, presently Chatham College, in Pittsburgh. Here she fell affected by Mary Scott Skinker, whose rookie science course changed her vocation plans. In her lesser year, Carson changed her major from English to zoology, and in 1928 she graduated magnum cum laude.Biology has given me something to expound on, she kept in touch with a companion, as cited in Carnegie magazine. I will attempt in my composition to make creatures in the forested areas or waters, where they live, as alive to others as they are to me. With Skinker's assistance, Carson acquired initial a mid year cooperation at the Marine Biology Laboratory at Woods Hole in Massachusetts and afterward a one-year grant from the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. While at Woods Hole over the mid year, she saw the sea just because and experienced her first intriguing ocean animals, including ocean anemones and ocean urchins. At Johns Hopkins, she contemplated zoology and hereditary qualities. Graduate school didn't continue easily; she experienced monetary issues and exploratory troubles yet in the long run figured out how to complete her exceptionally itemized ace's paper, The Development of the Pronephoros during the Embryonic and Early Larval Life of the Catfish. In June 1932, she got her graduate degree. Carson was entering the activity showcase at the tallness of the Great Depression. Her folks sold their Pennsylvania home and moved to Maryland to facilitate a portion of her money related weights. She showed zoology at Johns Hopkins during the summers and on low maintenance premise at the University of Maryland during the normal school year. While she adored instructing, the small compensations she earned were scarcely enough to continue herself, and, in 1935, her budgetary circumstance turned out to be significantly increasingly urgent when her dad passed on suddenly, leaving her exclusively liable for supporting her delicate mother. Prior to starting her alumni learns at Johns Hopkins, Carson had organized a meeting with Elmer Higgins, who was leader of the Division of Scientific Inquiry at the U.S. Authority of Fisheries. Carson needed to talk about her activity prospects in sea life science, and Higgins had been empowering, however he at that point had little to offer. Carson reached Higgins again right now, and she found that he had an opening at the Bureau of Fisheries for low maintenance science author to deal with radio contents. The main hindrance

When the Curtain Goes Up free essay sample

At the point when the Curtain Goes Up I was presumably 8 years of age. Furthermore, presently as I remained behind the drapery the long stretches of planning at last seemed well and good. The hairspray trance state and the anger of lipstick appeared well and good. The changing and re-measuring of my â€Å"oh so adorable† firearm holsters that influenced in time with my frayed cowgirl skirt when we did the desired weapon twirl†¦ All. Made. Sense. â€Å"Two minutes to stage!† The syllables roared from stage supervisor to organize chief in the behind the stage while we were rearranged into our places. â€Å"What on the off chance that I mess up?† I had asked my mother on the vehicle ride to the show. â€Å"No matter how you do today around evening time daddy we’ll still be extremely glad for you,† she had said. Those words must be in a parent handbook some place. â€Å"One moment to stage!† Presently my stomach was agitating at a supersonic speed. The Voorhees Theater Company’s creation of Annie Get Your Gun appeared to be the foundation of my young life. We will compose a custom exposition test on At the point when the Curtain Goes Up or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The slithering in my stomach got more grounded with. All the cowgirls had been masterminded in a semi hover around Annie. The directions appeared to be straightforward, however now with the drape going to rise I wasn’t so sure. When Annie left from stage left, the primary cowgirl was to kick her toy weapon up with her correct heel and swing it with her left arm onto her shoulder. One quick development. Furthermore, this would proceed until the finish of the semi hover, going from cowgirl to cowgirl. Obviously I had been set right on target in view of my overactive pituitary organ. â€Å"30 seconds to organize! Good karma girls!† I stood perfectly focused stage with my stomach bugs and my cowgirl brawl and the certainty I had over long stretches of practice dissolved off of my body. The cowgirl on the left and on the right, they may be fine. Yet, me, I was startled. Be that as it may, at that point something occurred. The gleam of camcorders and the initial notes of the tune instructed my feet. My head was still around the bend, however as my body moved with the music my certainty started to develop back. â€Å"GO ALEXA!† my father hollered from the rear of the theater, treating my show like a b-ball game, only somewhat calmer. Normally the shame would have disabled me, however my feet enjoyed the commendation and went somewhat quicker. At the point when the weapon whirl started, it wasn’t an issue of whether I could do it, or whenever left cowgirl or right cowgirl would; it be able to was an issue of if this cowgirl could. What's more, when left cowgirl got anxious and couldn't make her quick k ick, this cowgirl continued going. Since when the drape went up all over the nerves transformed into effortlessness. The long stretches of practice, rough and irritating, and now and then consummation in tears, were changed over into development that influenced effortlessly from appendage to appendage. The words to â€Å"show business† were mechanical in my mouth, later and yet, left an otherworldly lingering flavor making me hungry for me. At the point when the shade went up, I wasn’t Alexa any longer; I was that little cowgirl artist. The lipstick and the hairspray and the brawl all shaped into one single cowgirl. To me, acting isn’t only a pastime; it isn’t an approach to kill time. Acting freed me from the young lady I used to be into the ladies I am today. The throughout the night practices, the remembrance, the dedication. Have I figured out how to sort out myself, yet I have figured out how to esteem each subsequent I get the opportunity to do what I love. That weapon spin has tailed me for a mind-blowing duration, demonstrating to me that I can deal with a smidgen of disorder if it’s tossed at me; that being frightened of my best course of action won’t push me ahead. At the point when the blind went up on me that first time it instructed me that a phase without me on it, well that just wouldn’t bode well. That multi year old young lady just six years of move and some conflict to stick onto, she has grown up to see that existence without a little dramatization isn’t a real existence she needs by any stretch of the imagination. At the point when the shade went up on that young lady and the lights drill into skin she understood that all she’s ever needed was on that phase with her.

Last train to Koblenz

Last train to Koblenz DID YOU KNOW? GERMANY EDITION According to one of my labmates, authorities have set up a row of big-screen projectors in Berlin spanning an entire kilometer to help dedicated fans watch World Cup soccer. Now, I was all ready to write an entry last night on how some cities in Germany are, to my untrained chemical engineering eyes, simply miracles of urban planning and public transportation. Ling 07, Bao 07 and I visited two such cities this weekendKarlsruhe and Stuttgart. Each city, although smaller than Boston, is serviced by a vast network of streetcars and subways With almost no effort, the three of us were able to venture out into the unknown city of Stuttgart with complete and utter confidence. Free machines in all the train stations make up a personal itinerary for you listing all necessary transfers and the track numbers of all the trains, so arriving there was no problem. Once there, we used a handy city map and made our way to three separate landmarks within the space of two hours. The first of these landmarks, the Mercedes tower, even had an exhibit on the sixth level detailing how the city is going to be redesigned over the next 21 years to make it even better and more efficient. I hope that the Sistine Chapel is this stunning. The second of these landmarks, the Stuttgart TV tower, was kind of lame and is not worth your 4 ???, but did provide a pretty nice view of the black forest and alps. But the third of these landmarks, the Mercedes-Benz Museum, rocked to an unbelievable extent. First of all, the exterior of the building is just a marvelous piece of architecture which will some day have an embedded picture right here in the entry. But the exhibits on the interior are just as fascinating, detailing such diverse topics as the internal combustion engine (Course 2), safety laws (Course 17), traffic patterns (Course 1), and the globalization of world economies (Course 14), all through the lens of the automotive industry. I wish I had a whole day to spend there listening to the soothing voice of the octalingual computerized museum tour guide tell me about the social impact of the gullwing design in the 1950s. But, alas, we had a mere four hours there, barely finding time to check out the vintage 1920s cars that could go 200 miles per hour. Also, did you know that there are race trucks as well as race cars? I did not. But I digress. So, giddy with automotive excitement, we got back to Baos apartment in Karlsruhe at around 7:30 PM, expecting to take a train back to Bayer in Leverkusen and get back by around 2 AM at the latest. After all, it had only taken us 4 hours for Ling and I to get to Baos apartment from Leverkusen. Um, no. It turns out that, according the the handy and infallible Bahn website, there are no non-express trains that leave from Karlsruhe to our connecting point of Koblenz between around 7 PM and 12:15 AM. Furthermore, the 12:15 AM train was scheduled to reach Leverkusen at around 6:45 AM. Well, dude, Im in college; Im not dont have the money to take an express train. And I dont have to meet my carpool for work until 7:30 AM. So, Sch??????nes-Wochenende Ticket in hand, Ling 07 took a nap through the Portugal-Angola game and set out to the Karlsruhe train station at 12:00 AM, while the evening was spread out against the sky, like a patient etherised upon a table. Although this was the first kind of unpleasant experience Ive had with the Bahn, which is usually impossibly punctual and tremendously discounted for group travel, I think Im going to be a little suspicious of all future train travel here. Maybe I wont even set my watch to official Bahn time anymore. However, if nothing else, I think Im even better prepared for The Amazing Race 13 now. Who wants to be my partner?!

Technology And Marketing Impact On The Marketing Industry

Technology and Marketing From the beginnings of an advertising campaign design to the implementation of large scale marketing efforts, technology has had a noticeable impact on the marketing industry. It is becoming more and more important for marketing experts to stay current with new software and programs to ensure they can reach their targeted client base. Companies are reaching out to more and more individuals, as the competition increases daily. The use of the internet and social media continues to become more and more popular as a way to reach out to consumers. A person in the Marketing industry today will experience a host of challenges that are completely unique to someone in the same industry 20 years ago. Why? Because the whole approach has changed. Through new design programs, Customer Relationship management systems, and social media, marketing efforts have evolved to meet the needs of the public, as well as the companies behind it all. In the last ten years, design software has taken an enormous leap in functionality. Kayla Searl, an author from Bright Hub, described these leaps as an apparent game changer for the graphics world. â€Å"†¦we re seeing designers push themselves -- as well as the boundaries -- as to what we define as graphic design.† For starters, the quality of the product is expected to be better. After all, we have â€Å"high definition† everything. With graphics tablets, design software suites such as the Adobe Creative Suite, and printers that canShow MoreRelatedCurrent Health Care Marketing Techniques and Trends821 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Current Health Care Marketing Techniques and Trends Current Health Care Marketing Techniques and Trends: In past few decades, the nature of marketing in the health care industry has changed significantly because of the recent developments that have contributed to the need to develop innovative marketing techniques and trends. These developments witnessed the adoption of marketing techniques from other industries and the creation of marketing approaches that are healthcare-specific. Some of theRead MoreMarketing Practices And Communication Management992 Words   |  4 PagesRecently new changes in the market have led to variations and changes in marketing practices and communication management in organizations. There is no longer possibility to use one single marketing communication tool to achieve marketing communication purposes. (Kitchen et al. 2004). As a result, integrated marketing communication (IMC) approach appeared as a more efficient and sophisticated communication discipline that can rapidly respond to the increasingly market changes and conditions. (KimRead MoreA Study on the Strategic Growth Future Prospect of E -Marketing in India1466 Words   |  6 PagesStrategic growth future prospect of E -Marketing in India Introduction As per research title ‘e-Marketing – The Strategic Growth Future Prospect in India’ is concerned, it can be stated, that ‘this research work is an attempt of contemporary overview of changing face of Marketing in India. E-Marketing is the new face of these changing phenomenaRead MoreAnalysis of Marketing Through History1091 Words   |  5 PagesSurprisingly, the marketing community started out with a few handbills and ads that were considered boring and unreadable. In the early days, companies and marketers barely researched what their consumers truly wanted in a product. Over the last century, the marketing landscape has changed dramatically with the introduction of technology, and an emphasis on providing value to the customer. 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It is a big trend in tourism industry, lots of people because Olympic Games, stars, attractions and movies are fascinated. Because of this kind of industry, it will be a high salary in tourism and hospitality. Also, it will increase income tax, marking, local communities, great attracti ons, historical staff and natural environment. This paperRead MoreSocial Cultural Factors : The Basic Beliefs And Values Of Consumers Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pagestarget as this is vital in the development of marketing strategies, therefore, making the product or services appealing to customers. One important development is the changing and growth in racial and ethnicity, affecting the changes in culture as new values, ideas and attitudes are learned and shared by different social groups. Sociocultural factors can have an impact on marketing activities which are influenced by the improvements or advances in technology and the ability to instantly transfer ideasRead MoreLaundry Detergent981 Words   |  4 PagesPrincipals of Marketing Bennett Hirsch American Continental University                                  Abstract From my research and what I have learned, there are three marketing environment forces that will impact laundry detergent.   The paper describes each and analyzes why and how it will impact laundry detergent.   It also goes over the strategies to overcome the threats.                                     Laundry Detergent The marketing environment is what surrounds and what impacts an organizationRead MoreTechnology s Impact On Hospitality Industry1198 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology’s Impact on the Hospitality Industry Hospitality Information Systems and e-commerce provides hospitality executives a set of tools that allow them to effectively integrate technology in a way that will ultimately profit their company. Information Systems in hospitality contributes competitive advantage in the constant communication that takes place between managers and technology specialists. This paper will discuss the method of applying Information Technology models to the currentRead MoreHealth Care Reflection742 Words   |  3 PagesHealth Care Marketing Reflection Christine Cazares HCS/539 April 4, 2016 Andrea Linder Health Care Marketing Reflection In recent years, hospitals have relied on marketing strategies through newspapers, letters, or television. Currently, the new word of mouth is social media on how organizations such as hospitals, spread the word. This paper will examine the current health care marketing techniques used for social media. Included in this will be how the marketing is used, the

Low-Cost Gift Ideas for College Students

If youre like most college students, buying gifts present a complicated dilemma: Youd like to give nice presents but you are, after all, a college student trying to live on a budget. So how can you balance wanting to give nice presents with the limits of your bank account? Luckily, there are ways to give low-cost gifts without coming across as cheap. 8 Low-Cost Gift Ideas for College Students Print out and frame a nice picture. With everything being digital these days, try to remember the last time someone gave you a printed-out picture that you can hang on your wall -- and how nice that present was (or would be!). If youre really short on cash, print something at the highest quality available on your printer and make a nice frame to match. Give a simple college-themed gift. While the $60 sweatshirts in the campus bookstore are pretty nice, they might also be out of your budget. See what else you can find that celebrates your time in school while costing a little less. Keychains, bumper stickers, t-shirts on the clearance rack (will your cousin really know?), plastic cups, and lots of other presents can be had for under $10 -- and even under $5, if you really spend some time looking. Give the gift of time. Money may be in tight supply for you, but time may not be -- especially if you need a gift for the holidays when youre home on break. Consider planning a nice walk with your mom, ​volunteering with your dad, hanging out with your friend at his work one afternoon, or even babysitting for your parents so they can get some time to themselves. Make something from scratch. Nearly everyone has some kind of creative talent. Think about what you do best and run with it. Can you write a few poems? Paint a picture? Mold something out of clay? Take some awesome photographs? Make something from wood? Write a song? Record yourself singing your mothers favorite tunes? Dont sell yourself short as a great source of gifts you can make completely on your own. Put together a piece of your life at college. It doesnt have to be fancy to be effective. If, say, your grandmother never had the chance to go to college, put together a shadow box or collage of images from your time in school. You can collect things like stickers, fall leaves, a page from the course catalog, or articles from the school paper to give her a piece of what your college life is like. Make a memory box for an old friend or family member. You can probably find a nice little box somewhere on campus or at a local big box or drug store. Cut up some nice pieces of paper and write a cherished memory of you and the person youre giving your gift to; fold them over once or twice; Then write a nice card that explains the gift and says how often they can unwrap one of the little memories in the box (once a week? once a month?) It can be a great trip down memory lane for you and a very personal, meaningful gift for an old friend or beloved family member. Frame a design you make. Who says only a photograph can go in a picture frame? Start with a piece of paper and get creative. Print or cut out quotes about the importance of education, snip headlines from your school paper, take (or sketch) a picture of your school -- as long as you put together something with a similar theme (e.g., your campus), its hard to make a homemade gift like this look bad. Let your creativity flow without worrying about the cost. Switch up a usual gift into something different. Dinner and a movie is a pretty classic gift for a girlfriend, boyfriend, or even a parents birthday. But if your money is tight, you can switch things up to have an equally good time without the high cost. Consider, for example, going to breakfast and a movie. The food bill will be cheaper, your movie will likely be a matinee (and cheaper than an evening film), and you and the person you take will have a unique experience, too.

Hesitation Phenomena Free Essays

Hesitation phenomena is one of two types of pauses that occur during our speech and the other type is breathing pauses. Although hesitation does not have a linguistic function, it plays a role in the study of speech production and speech planning. There are three main categories of hesitation: 1- silent pauses,   2- filled pauses, which composes of non-linguistic or non-lexical vocalizations and the most common ones are: umm, ah and er. We will write a custom essay sample on Hesitation Phenomena or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3- speech disturbances such as slips of the tongue, stuttering, repeating, omitting or repairing speech. Psycholinguists have paid special attention as to where these pauses -whether silent or filled- occur in our speech. Some studies- like the one conducted by Boomer 1965- found that pauses are more frequent after the first word in the phonemic clause. On the other hand, some studies found that most pauses occur before important lexical words. Even though the findings of these studies goes to different directions, it has one thing in common that it suggest that speech planning and speech production are processes that happen in a parallel manner.In this experiment subjects are asked to perform tasks on speaking spontaneously and reading aloud as well as talking about a concrete object and an abstract concept. All topics are determined by the experiment conductors. The aim of this experiment is to ascertain whether the frequency of hesitation is higher in one of the tasks and to find whether hesitation occurs mostly in clauses or between them. Subjects All subjects participants in this experiment are undergraduate females ages 20-24 and speak English as a second language.Experiments conducted on 5 subjects. Methods : We’ve applied our experiments systematically putting in considerations the rules we must follow in order to get clear results. First of all we’ve chosen three different topics for our experiments : ( Reading aloud Vs Spontaneous speech ):1 †¢ We’ve chosen ( Chocolate production ) as a topic that the participants should talk about , a passage which is 17 lines including difficult concepts and lexical words . †¢ Then we’ve decided to have a standardized duration of recording each data which is one minute . The participants included in this experiments will read the passage , at the same time we prepares a recorder to record the speaker while she’s talking . †¢ One important aspect that we had to put into consideration is that the recording should be 100% clear i n order to be easy for us for analyzing the speech . †¢ After the speaker finish reading the passage, here comes our rule to analyze the record tape putting in our minds the types of hesitation pauses such as † pauses , complex pauses , filled pauses and word lengthening † After that the speaker should speak spontaneously about chocolate , we prepares our tape recorder and a stop watch because in this step the participants are allowed to talk only for 1 minute. Sometimes we get forced to interrupt the speaker because of the one-minute limit. 2 ( Concrete Vs Abstract ): In this experiment we’ve chosen two different general topics that the speaker should talk about : Concrete : Food Abstract : Democracy †¢ Before the speaker started to talk about the Concrete topic which is food we should prepare a recorder and stop watch. The speaker must talk for 1 minute about food. †¢ Then, we will replay the sound clip and write our comments. †¢ And when we come to the Abstract topic which is democracy, we will follow the same procedure. By conducting those experiments, including their steps systematically, we will be provided with results that will help us in drawing a clear, final conclusion that we wish to reach. Data: |Speaking spontaneously |Reading aloud | |†¦.I don’t know much about chocolate , but I know it is a tree ,|The strange-looking tree that is the source of chocolate was | |I mean that we can have chocolate from a tree specialize only |named Th-Theobroma cacao, food of the gods, over 200 years ago | |in producing chocolate [uh]†¦. and there is I mean there are |by the great Swedish botanist; [uh] Carolus Linnaeus. The | |different types of chocolate liquid, milky and solid†¦.. There |bright red or yellow cacao seed pods grow directly from the | |are different colors and flavors white chocolate which tends to|trunk of the tree.Each pod contains 30-40 almond like white | |be milky, brown which is the original and [uh] oh yes the dark |seeds in a sticky, unappetizing pulp that resembles insect | |chocolate which is flavored like coffee. We-ll†¦ what else to |larvae [uh]. Scientists generally agree that the native people | |say [laughs] oh yes I like chocolate although it has a lot of |of South America were initially attracted to this cacao pulp | |calories and makes you fat [laughs] and [um] that’s it. |for its sweetness.But no one knows for certain what led to the| | |discovery of chocolate in the bitter and inedible raw seeds. | | |Cacao trees grow only in the regions within 20 degrees | | |noth-.. north and 20 degrees south of the equator . [um] | | |Scientists believes that the first species of cacao grow in | | |South America. |I love chocolate†¦ specially the dark one†¦ It’s really  good |The strange looking tree†¦ that is the source of chocolate was| |for the heart and [um] it’s really rich in caffeine [uh] I also|named [um]†¦ Thobroma cacao, food of the gods over 200 years | |love chocolate cake, chocolate ice-cream and everything that |ago by the great Swedish botanist, [um]. .. Carolus Linnaeus. | |has chocolate in it†¦ [uh] . .. But I always worry about the |The bright red or yellow cacao seed†¦ pods grow directly from | |calories in the chocolate.. . products that I eat because I can |the trunk of the tree.Each pod contains†¦ 30-40 almond-like | |get really fat real quick if I eat chocolate all the time.. . so|white seeds†¦ in a sticky†¦ unappetizing pulp†¦ that | |I try not to snack on chocolate that much †¦ but we really |resembles insect la. .. larvae. Scientists generally agree that | |can’t resist it can we? I mean it’s just a guilty pleasure†¦ |the native people of South America were. .. initially†¦ | |and it tastes so good  and there is nothing like chocolate. I |attracted to this cacao pulp for its sweetness. But†¦ no one | |mean, you can fake it, try healthy stuff†¦ ut really nothing |knows for certain what led to the discovery of chocolate in the| |taste like chocolate even caramel is not  as sweet as |bitter and [um] inedible. . | |chocolate†¦ | | |First of a-ll [uh] I wanna say that chocolate is [uh] one type |The strange looking tree that is the source of chocolate was | |of my favorite food [uh] I pref-er many types of chocolate, I |named [uh] the o†¦ the obroma cacao.. food [uh] food of the go. †¦| |don’t like white chocolate or dark chocolate [um].What else, |food of the gods, over 200 years ago by the great Swedish bo.. | |my favorite type more specificall-y is Galaxy†¦. [uh], from |botanist , [uh] carols†¦. Linnaeus. The bright red or yellow | |other names of chocolate [um], what else, I like to eat |cacao seed po-ds grow directly from the trunk of the tree. Each| |chocolate as a [uh] a dessert o-r even during a meal†¦.. [um]†¦. |pod contains 30-40 almond like white seeds in a sticky, [uh] | |[laughs], let me think†¦. I don’t like [uh] chocolate-flavored |unappetizing pu-pulp that resem†¦[uh] resembles an.. uh] insect| |cake. |larvae. Scientists generally agree that the native people of | | |South America were initially attracted to this cacao pulp for | | |its s-sweetness. | |Hi [laughs] I-’ll talk about chocolate. Chocolate is†¦ [um] nice|The strange-looking tree that is the source of chocolate was | |sweet kind of food, is brown of course [laughs]. Some chocolate|named th-e obr-ama cacao, food of gods, over 200 years ag-o by | |is dark and other is light chocolate.And we have also white |the great Swe-dish bo-tanist, carolus [laugh] Linnaeus. The | |chocolate†¦. [um] I really like chocolate that much because I |bright red yellow cacao se-ed pods grow directly from the | |like any kind of sweet that has chocolate†¦[um] like nice†¦ [um] |tru-nk of the tree. Each pod contains 30-40 almond†¦[eh] like | |cupcake, ice-cream, I don’t know [laughs] that’s all what I |white seeds in a sticky, una–ppetizing pulp that resembles | |have about chocolate. O-k I prefer light chocolate than dark |insect lar–vae.Scientists generally agree that native people | |chocolate because it’s a little bit better. |of South America were initially attracted to this cacao pulp | | |for its sweetness. | |[um] Chocolate i-s the thing that I-.. worship the most in my |The strange-looking tree that is the source of chocolate was | |life. [em] I honestly [uh] I adore chocolate, I’m addicted to |named †¦. Theobroma c-cacao, food of the gods, over 200 years | |chocolate. I feel pleasure when I eat chocolate. I feel [uh] |ago by the great Swedish bo-botanist, Carolus Linnaeus.The | |more active even though I’m a lazy person. [uhh]. . What else†¦. |bright red o-r yellow cacao seed †¦ [uh] pods grow directly from| |[laughs]†¦ healthy? No, not for me, no because I have acne so- |the trunk of the tree. Each pod contains [uh] 30-40 almond-like| |it raises so much a-nd it hurts a lot but I can’t quit†¦.. |white seeds in a sticky, un-unappetizing [uh] pulp that | |[laughs] what else? I hate dark chocolate [uh] but I like the |resembles [uh] insect la-larvae. [uh] Scientists generally | |white chocolate and milk chocolate. The type I like the most |agree that the native people of South America were initially | |i-s actually brown chocolate. |attracted to this cacao pulp for its sweetness. | |Concrete |Abstract | |Fo-od, actually I don’t like food that’s why am thin†¦ [um] no, |Demo-cracy†¦ actually, I don’t know much about democracy and I’m| |I like some sort of food like , for example, [um] some kind of |not interested in democracy, but all I know is that†¦ democrac-y| |Chinese food, Italian food like pizza, basta, no I hate basta†¦. is something li-ke†¦ you have the right of choice or you are | |[uh] I like light kind of food not heavy o-r†¦ [laugh]†¦. [um] I |free to do whatever you like, whatever you want †¦. [um] as long | |like fast food and I hate food that made at home or in houses |it has the benefit of the whole society†¦ This is what I think, | |because I think it’s a little bit hea–vy and causes stomach | an-d here in Kuwait, all the things that they are practicing is| |ache most of the time — [eh] yeah.. Food, I do like sweet |democracy in Kuwait†¦ but I don’t think so †¦[um] that’s why | |food more than salty food I don’t know why, maybe because I’m |there is something they always fight for. This is all what I | |like children. |know about democra-cy and I’m really not interested in | | |democracy b-ut I think if you practice it in a correct way or| | |in a rig-ht way †¦. [um] it will be a nice thing [laugh]. | |[um] Food is what keeps us alive [uh] it’s my guilty |Democracy is reedom†¦ it’s very important because without | |pleasure†¦ i love food [um]†¦ I think about it almost all the|freedom you have nothing. .. without freedom we are not | |time [um] †¦ I love nutritional healthy food [uh] to keep me |humans.. . [uh] I think it’s very important for countries to have| |healthy [uh] but I also like junk food or fried food which I |a democratic system [uh] rather than a communist one [uh] | |know everyone say that we shouldn’t eat but†¦ after all we are|because that [uh] encourages the society to be [uh] well, more | |only living once so [um] †¦ hy not eat all the food you |intellectual and mo-re productive perhaps. And to feel a sense | |want†¦ you can always exercise †¦ and burn it†¦ what else |of loyalty and [um] †¦ well without democracy we will have | |. .. [uh] †¦ well i also love foo-d from different cultures, |civil wars and [uh] rebellion actions and maybe revolution. So | |from different [um] . .. like †¦ different cuisines. |definitely, I think democracy [uh] maintain the peace and order| | |in the country. .. nd also maintain the relationships with | | |other countries. | |Food, yummy! [laughs] Food is important in our life, provide us|[oh] Such an interesting topic [laughs] Democracy is related to| |with energy specially the health food , ops! Sorry, I mean |politics and it is applied by satisfy all the groups in your | |healthy food like fruits and vegetables†¦ And here in Kuwait we |country to practice their rights equally [uh]†¦. Here in | |have different restaurants which specialize with different |Kuwait.. -ell, Kuwait is considered as one of the democratic | |types of food like Chinese, Indian, American and Kuwaiti food |countries and you can see that through media and journalism and| |[uh]†¦. W-ell, my favorite is Chinese [laughs]†¦. what to say |I mean journalism from the days o f sheikh Abdallah Al-Salem, | |[um]†¦ Ok, I have an advice, beware of what you are eating |so– if there is no democracy the society will be divided into | |because it will affect your health a-nd [uh] practice sports in|groups and a war may start.Thank god we are in a democratic | |order to not be fat like me [laughs]. |area [laughs] | |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. [uh] Food generally is [uh] considered as [uh] one |Ok, democracy and the concept of democracy in the world.. [uh] | |requirement of†¦ requirement to live [uh] in order to live, you |the concept of democracy in the world differs [uh], if you | |have to eat †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦[uh] generally I†¦ I like to eat, you know, many |consider generally or specifically. Most nations or countries | |types of food. uh] I’m not a picky person in my†¦ food.. and |assume they are democratic .. democratic or they†¦ look for, or| |I-†¦ and I like to try new†¦ new dishes of food [um], on the |seek democracy. But, in fact or indeed they .. are very very | |other hand, I specifically don’t like meat . |very , you know, away from democracy. To me I think democracy | | |is [uh] democracy is that space of freedom which enables you | | |to.. uh] to act freely but this freedom ends when you hurt | | |someone or [um] others. . oth-others around you . | |Ok, when it comes to food I’m not healthy. I’m so addicted to |[uh].. Democracy.. When I hear the word democracy I always | |junk food [uh] though I like American food, Italian but I hate |relate it to [uh] something that.. has to do with politics | |Chinese kind of food. [uhh] I don’t like rice alth-ough at home|which I have no clue about.I don’t have enough knowledge about| |they cook a lot of rice, like†¦ in every single minute of the |policy and I don’t want to know anything about policy but | |day. [um] A-nd [uh]†¦ I’m not organized in my eating schedule. |democracy [uh]. . al-so has to do with our daily life [er] you | |Like [uh].. I’m only obligated to eat breakfast and that’s all. |know, I can compare it .. or . . it could be equal to-.. justice| |And then the rest of the day is all junk food. [uh]†¦ But I like|maybe.. to be-. . fair. [uh] Democracy may-be†¦ could be.. [um] | |to go on a healthy diet, you know.But I’m luck I’m on shape, |between parents a-nd their children maybe. They can be | |thank God. |democratic, like, [uh] not- not to prefer a child over another†¦| | |maybe. | Analysis: Categorizing according to types of pauses: When examining the data we collected, we could pinpoint four types of speech pauses: silent pauses, filled pauses, word lengthening and nervous laughter. Complex pauses such as swallowing, breathing and stops between sentences were not taken into consideration.Also, timing was not included. |Types of hesitation pauses taken into account | |Filled pauses (uh, um, .. etc) | |Silence (†¦. ) | |Word lengthening (we-ll, .. etc) | |Nervous laughter | Results: Speaking spontaneously |Reading aloud | | |24 |18 |Silent pauses | |25 |16 |Filled pauses | |12 |20 |Word lengthening | |8 |1 |Nervous Laughter | |69 |55 |Total | | 55. 6% |44. 3% |Percentage | [pic] [pic] |Abstract |Concrete | |20 |27 |Silent pauses | |20 |27 |Filled pauses | |14 |9 |Word lengthening | |2 |4 |Nervous Laughter | |56 |67 |Total | |45. 5% |54. 4% |Percentage | [pic] [pic] Discussion: Many people tend to hesitate to make important decisions or to take necessary action. Hesitation might be caused by lack of self-confidence, nervousness, or the person may be looking for a feedback for what s/he will talk about.It seems like subjects hesitate before difficult and unfamiliar names to them. Example; in reading aloud experiment, (#1) they hesitate before the noun (Thobroma cacao) and before (Carolus Linnaeus). Also they may hesitate in the middle of the word (#4) (Swe-dish) because they are trying to read the word. They also hesitate at the beginning of sentences because they are thinking of how to express their thoughts. Example in speaking spontaneously (#3) said (First of a-ll [uh] I wanna say that chocolate is [uh] one type of my favorite food [uh] I pref-er many types of chocolate, I don’t like white chocolate or dark chocolate). Subjects hesitate before giving causes, example from abstract VS oncrete, (#2) ([uh] because that [uh] encourages the society to be [uh] well, more intellectual and mo-re productive perhaps. ). In these experiments, subjects tended to hesitate before choosing a lexical item which is semantically appropriate for their sentences (nouns, verbs). They tended to hesitate more when they say something in a wrong way and try to repair or correct it. Example from abstract VS concrete, (#4) (†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. [uh] Food generally is [uh] considered as [uh] one requirement of†¦ requirement to live [uh] in order to live, you have to eat †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦[uh] generally I†¦ I like to eat, you know, many types of food. ). Our experiment in spontaneous speech and reading aloud shows that a person hesitates more in speaking spontaneously than in reading aloud.This is clear in the cases of silent pauses (24 in comparison to 18), filled pauses (25,16) and nervous laughter (8,1). But in word lengthening it is more in reading than speaking (20, 12). The other experiment is talking about concrete / every day things VS talking about an abstract concept. A person should hesitate more in abstract concepts than concrete objects but in our experiment, it surprisingly shows different results in which a person hesitate more in concrete than abstract concept. And silent pauses are more frequent in concrete (27, 20). Filling pauses are also more in concrete (27, 20), the nervous laughter is (4, 2). On the other hand, the word lengthening (14, 9) which is more in the abstract than concrete. Conclusion :In our experiment, hesitation was measured by counting the numbers of hesitation pauses in speech. It appears that under certain conditions of speech production the hesitation pauses reflect different reasons. Hesitation could be caused by either psychological factors or internal processes. Psychological as in the person could be nervous or lacks self-confidence (nervous laughter), or internal processes as in the person may be looking for a feedback for what s/he will talk about in spontaneous speech whether abstract or concrete, or when facing new lexical items such as ([uh] Carolus Linnaeus) or less frequent words ([um] inedible) in reading aloud.We have expected subjects to hesitate more in Speaking spontaneously in comparison to Reading aloud for a reason which is; subjects need to plan what they’re going to say and have to mentally construct grammatically and semantic ally correct sentences which, predictably takes more time than just reading a text that has been prepared beforehand, no matter how many difficult lexical items were in said text. The results came out supporting our assumption. Indeed, planning for speech consumes more time than reading. What was surprising to us was that hesitation was more in the second experiment in talking about the concrete concept more than the abstract object.The results were opposite to what we previously expected. The frequency of hesitation in concrete was 54. 4% to 45. 5% for the abstract. A possible explanation for such results could be that we constantly try to explain the abstract concepts in our minds while concrete concepts are taken for granted i. e. we don’t have to think about them, they’re there in front of our eyes. But a major point we would like to point to is English is a second language for all the subjects who took part in our experiment that might have been another reason for the hesitation in our experiments. All of the reasons mentioned above are not only reasons but actually examples of hesitation in our lives.Fox Tree (1995) estimated that the rate of disfluencies in spontaneous speech is about 6 words per 100 . Therefore, it is fairly common in our lives. Unfortunately we could not find any studies supporting or contradicting what we reached. References: Aichitson Jean – The articulate Mammal – Fifth edition Fox Tree, J. E. (1995). The effects of false starts and repetitions on the processing of subsequent words in spontaneous speech. Journal of Memory and Language, 34,709. 738 http://hourglass. rskrose. com/archives/5 Sophia University – A study by Hede Helfrich ———————– Hesitation Phenomena Reading Aloud VS Speaking Spontaneously Concrete VS Abstract How to cite Hesitation Phenomena, Papers

About myself free essay sample

. My name is Natalia. My family name is Govorova. I am 15. I was born in 1982 in Chelyabinsk. I live in a little town of Usinsk in the Komi Republic. My reference is Flat 116, 19, Pionerskaya Street. My phone figure is 41-5-81. I am a student. I go to school Numbers 1. I am a good student. I do good in all topics. They say, that I am a hardworking individual. To state the truth, all school subjects come easy for me but sometimes. I have to sit much, for illustration, to make lessons in Physics or Chemistry, to compose a composing or to larn a verse form by bosom. But my favorite topic is English. I spend much clip on it reading books, making trials etc. May be, English and larning it will be a portion of my hereafter carreer. I like reading. I think cartoon strips and detective narratives are much easier to read but I prefer to read novels historical or up-to-date. We will write a custom essay sample on About myself or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I like music. My musical gustatory sensations are different, but it depends on my temper. But I think every apple is good in its season. I play the piano and the guitar, non earnestly, but for my psyche. Sometimes I like to listen to the Russian classical music. My favorite composers are Chaikovsky and Mozart. I don’t like stone music, but I like  «Queen » and  «Beatles » . Besides I like Russian common people vocals. I have non much clip to watch IV but sometimes I spend an hr or two watching an interesting movie or a intelligence programme. In the eventide I frequently read newspapers ( our local 1s ) or magazines. I like fresh air and exercising. I’m sorry I have non much clip for making athleticss. But some aerobic exercises in the forenoon, a swimming-pool twice a hebdomad, a ski-walk on a frigid twenty-four hours are of great aid. Sports is merriment. I have a broad circle of involvements. I # 8217 ; m really sociable, so I get a manner with people. I have many friends, most of them are my class-mates. We spend much clip together, traveling out to the film or to the disco party, talking about lessons and music, discoursing our jobs. But most of all I like my household. We all are great friends and profoundly attached to each other. You see, it # 8217 ; s me a individual with his good and non good features, wishing this and detesting that. But it # 8217 ; s interesting for me to populate, to open new things.

How Are Women Portrayed in the Media free essay sample

How are women portrayed in the New Zealand media? -Consider Bonds advert -Jane Jetson info, Source 19 -NZ Stats/ examples †What is generic is replaceable. With youth and beauty, then the working woman is visible, but insecure, made to feel her qualities are not unique. But, without them, she is invisible-she falls literally ‘out of the picture’†-Beauty Myth Not only women but all people are constantly pigeonholed into categories within the media, people are categorized and prejudiced against (16). The idea of categorizing people has been conditioned into the public mind so that ideas such as ‘all blondes are ditzy’ or ‘all red heads are not only angry but a whole different species’ exist. Divisions are everywhere and it is this same division that is a technique used by corporations to sell their products through the media. Every individual western female has been categorized into a select few genres within modern media, there is the ‘Superwoman†¦mother, wife and career driven’ (8), ‘the femme fatale†¦sex kitten, [and] the nasty corporate climber’ (6). We will write a custom essay sample on How Are Women Portrayed in the Media? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All of these things dictate how a woman behaves or more how a woman is supposed to behave according to the media’s standard. The media places emphasis on age and beauty, â€Å"ads portraying women†¦only [show] body parts† (7) this puts across the idea that women are meat or objects to be looked at not individual people. Women are portrayed in sexualized ways for male attention they are mere objects (7). Females in television are supposed to be young and pretty to be aloud on screen, when compared with males the standard is different. Older male presenters are praised for their maturity however this is not the case with older women. Females in television are expected to be either young or still look as if they are young; age, which is a part of life, is portrayed as a demon. The media portrays that youth is the only form of beauty (18). This is something imprinted on females from a young age, while a boy receives the standard ‘G. I Joe’ or ‘Action Man’ a girl is given the tall blonde idealised ‘Barbie’ as a role model. She is ‘perfect’ in every way but in no way caters to the different female forms let alone races or personalities and has a body figure that is proved impossible to achieve (19). The New Zealand media like many western countries in the world, has adopted the idea that to be an intelligent woman, females have to be masculine or unattractive, and the opposite of this that beautiful woman are unintelligent and only get their jobs because of their looks (18). A program such as New Zealand screened ‘Ugly Betty’ is a direct evidence of this ideal, Betty is the heroine however she is persistently demeaned about her appearance, she receives merit for her work but is not fully appreciated because of her appearance. The program chooses not to use a less fortunate looking person but takes an attractive woman, gives her glasses and braces and deems her ugly, this follows the media’s conception that only standard beautiful women are allowed on screen. A real life portrayal of this is ex New Zealand Prime Minister Helen Clarke. Clarke was praised for her work as Prime Minister and was well known for her mismatched appearance, when the time came for the 2008 elections she was then overtly air brushed in campaign images that were placed throughout the country, this national role model was pushed by the media’s standard for the ideal instead of reality (18). This idea is apparent in New Zealand adverts such as those made by ‘Burger King’ and ‘Primo chocolate milk’. These two adverts show bikini clad women. The Burger King advert has three women bouncing on the back of a single horse together while the Primo advert has another three women riding moon hoppers which they proceed to fall off, the ad then states that they could ‘get more bounce’ if only they drank the forenamed drink. This is the unnecessary sexualisation of women and these two adverts are only used to highlight the women’s breasts, this is in no way for women’s pleasure but simply for men’s (7).

Obscenity Law in the United States & Great Britain essays

Obscenity Law in the United States & Great Britain essays It was until the enlightenment in the 18th century in Britain when nearly all governments along with powerful churches with few exceptions, censored words and ideas considered by them threatening to their supremacy, meaning, for the most part, that words and ideas were considered to be rebellious or blasphemous (Bartlett, 1991). While, in the mid-19th century, United States took its cue from England, and started the official suppression of books and ideas which was not about politics or religion but had sexuality as its subject that in turn was a political subject, since the targets were ideas and information that had threatened domineering attitudes about women's role, social control of sexual behavior and reproduction (Bartlett, 1991). Obscenity Laws Formation in the United States Through passage of laws against "obscenity" this new structure of official government censorship was achieved. The combination of three social factors produced first obscenity laws; that are as follows (Balkin, Victorian-era official morality: this particular factor had its concerns with the attitudes about women's sexual nature or lack The second factor was the fear of corruption by detective stories, novels and other famous literature among newly literate working class Another factor seen by leaders of the middle and upper classes was threaten to the institution of marriage that was facilitating sex for pleasure rather than procreation. Thus, to institutionalize and control sexuality, particularly birth control and abortion information was carried out by means this law (Balkin, 1993). These factors became part of a larger political struggle while the Victorian era was not all button-down prudery; theories of re...

Gucci And Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Gucci And Innovation - Essay Example This paper intends to analyze the employee creativity and innovation as a key focus for most international organizations especially while trying to manage global economic crises in recession. Among other ways through which the multinationals remain strategic and influential in the international, market especially in terms of competition and market segmentation is through organizational processes and products/services differentiation. A key strategy that has been adopted in this regard is through adoption and focus on creativity and innovation. Employees have been very instrumental in ensuring relevance of the international organizations through creativity and innovation. However, the level of innovation and creativity by such employees has been dependent of institutional frameworks and thus organizational leadership becomes very instrumental in empowering the employees for such assignments as designing of products and services for the companies through innovation and creativity (OECD , 2009, p. 5-6). Discussion Innovation is a phenomenon that is socially acceptable, which brings together the ideas of different people and the implementation of the same. Moreover, through innovation, products and services are designed and made through the cooperation of people working together. The success of any organization especially in innovation and creativity requires the collaboration of efforts by the leadership as well as the subordinates. The management/leadership teams within organizations are usually tasked to propel the organization forward with implementation of policies meant for realization of goals and objectives carried on by the organization. In fact, many studies reveal that to many organizations, goals are just one and the same as the performance of the organization itself. However, it is more challenging to realize set goals and there must be some frameworks through which the realization of set goals; short term as well as the long-term goals (Ordonez et al, 2009, p.1-5). The process of driving the international organization towards realization of the set goals entails among other things proper planning and human resource management. International organizations’ management such as is the case with Gucci undertakes the planning in terms of short-term vision as well as long-term vision. Whenever an organization adopts either short-term goals or the long-range vision, continuous improvement is vital in order to realize that long-term objective. Nevertheless, changes in management practices have seen a substantial shift of the management practices from long range planning to much simplified planning structures, which concentrate with very short-term goals that are easy to achieve and evaluate. In order for any business to remain relevant and objective, the periodical evaluation and analysis of performance is critical. Innovation and creativity is such a basic tool that is currently in use in order to realize such goals especially aimed at overcoming the effect o f economic recession that affects the global economy today (Sharma et al, 2010, p. 29-30). In the choice of management practice to adopt, any management team must therefore put profit consideration into perspective. Continuous

CRJ311 Week 3 assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CRJ311 Week 3 assignment - Essay Example Camarena’s body was found on 5 march near a small town of La Angostura while decaying and decomposed in a shallow grave (Conroy, 2013). On the fateful day of his abduction, Camarena left office to meet his wife for lunch. Recordings from a witness indicated that he saw a man being forced to the rare seat of a light colored car, and provided the description of some of the assailants. However, following the launch of the investigation, Raphael Quintero and Ernesto Fonseca were determined as the prime suspect in the case; as a result to their involvement in drug cartel activities. With the involvement of the Mexican federal judicial police (MFJP) in the investigation process, it was determined that Raphael Quintero and his men were fleeing from Mexico through the airport. The investigative team prevented the departure but later allowed after a bride was given to the chief investigator (Pavon Reyes). Acceptance of a bribe was the initial error that led to the obscuring of the whole investigation process. The investigation would thus take a twist of lack of commitment by the investigators. Pressure from America increased for the need to speed up the investigation process. As a result of this, several criminal investigators both from united states and Mexico were directly involved in the investigation process. Due to a large number of investigators involved in the process, it led to occurrences of confusion and miss information in the process. Out of the connection, the Mexican drug traffickers had with the law enforcement agencies both from Mexico and united states; they took the advantage of the confusion and hatched a plan that mislead the investigation team. In the plan, Camarena was held in Bravo drug gang ranch (Valdez, 2013). In as much as involvement of a multi-disciplinary and units in the investigation process is essential for speeding up investigation, it may be detrimental in the investigation of nature where there is a high

Impact of “Healthy Lives, Healthy People” Policy

Impact of â€Å"Healthy Lives, Healthy People† Policy Impact of â€Å"Healthy Lives, Healthy People† Policy on Childhood Obesity The clichà © ‘Health is wealth’ rings true for anyone and in any situation. As individuals address their own health concerns, governments endeavor to come up with policies related to health that would benefit all. However, even if such policies are intended to be for the common good, inequalities in the implementation of policies and still occur consistently. Policies are created as guidelines for people to follow. With regards to public health a more general and thorough policy paper is presented to everyone so that not only are they ably guided about the rules and provisions of government but they also know what to expect. For this paper, the policy document to be analyzed with regards to a social problem is â€Å"Healthy Lives, Healthy People: Our strategy for public health in England† (2010). Policy May Jochim (2013) explain that public policies â€Å"provide benefits, regulate harms and deliver services† (p. 426). In relation to politics, policies trigger the selection of people who are deserving and undeserving of its benefits. It also sets up a method to collect feedback from all sectors which could affect the political operations of the policy as well as its future changes and demands. Public policies are considered key in governance. Lowi (1972) simplifies it as â€Å"policies beget politics† (cited in May Jochim, 2013, p. 427). Hence, policies may change with each term of incumbent politicians. â€Å"Healthy Lives, Healthy People (2010) is one example of policy document that claims to adopt changes from its previous platform. It presents the government’s strategies for their programs in public health in England. It promotes a radical new approach that empowers local communities to implement the government initiatives to improve the health of their constituents and reduce the inequalities that exist. This means that the government will allocate funding for health programs and services to local government agencies as well as increase their accountability. Thus, integration and partnership working across care, the NHS and public health shall likewise increase (HM Government, 2010). Grogan (2012) explains that in terms of ideologies, liberalism favors such radical transfer of power from the government to local communities. Liberals support individualism and the market mechanism that promotes competition. They prefer that the government play a minimal role in the implementation of health initiatives and instead provide equal opportunities to all local communities and non-government agencies in terms of the provision of education, health care, housing and nutrition programs. On the other hand, conservative-controlled governments have been known to spend less on social welfare and would rather keep the funds centralized in government stewardship. Because it is in the interest of everybody, the government has taken the responsibility to ensure that everyone is healthy. The World Health Organization (WHO) (Sorte et al, 2011) defines health as â€Å"a state of total physical, mental and social well-being, not just the absence of disease† (WHO p. 286). If health issues arise such as health inequalities or some disease becomes prevalent in society, then it becomes a political issue. This is echoed by the government in the following statement: â€Å"a healthy population is fundamental to prosperity, security and stability a cornerstone of economic growth and social development. In contrast, poor health does more than damage to the economic and political viability of any one country it is a threat to the economic and political interests of all countries†(Government HM 2008,, p.7). Not only does ill-health weaken members of the population but it also depletes government funding, hence affecting its economic status. Childhood Obesity One health problem that needs to be addressed is childhood obesity. The Department of Health (2013) reports that nearly 30% of children aged 2-15 are considered either overweight or obese, which is following the trend for overweight or obese adults (60%) in England. Obese children are at risk for high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, orthopaedic problems, sleep apnea, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, among others (Snorof et al, 2004). It can also affect their activity levels and self esteem (DH, 2013). Such children can also be prone to social discrimination and are likely targets for taunts from peers and negative reactions from others. This may cause much psychological pain, lowered self-esteem and even depression at their very young age (Holmes, 1998). These negative effects pose to be detrimental to obese children, so the problem of obesity needs to be addressed early on to reverse the trend (Barnes, 2011). If not, the health problems may escalate and the risks c an heighten as they grow up to be obese adults. Ignoring the problem leads to a great societal impact which concerns NHS because the burden and costs of health care provision for obese patients with various health complications fall on them (NHS, 2011). More importantly, it deprives obese children of their right to a quality of life that promotes their well-being. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (1989) declared that: â€Å"the child should be fully prepared to live an individual life in society, and brought up in the spirit of the ideals proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, and in particular in the spirit of peace, dignity, tolerance, freedom, equality and solidarity† (para. 7). That is why the government takes much effort and planning of policies aimed to optimize the health of everyone, most especially the vulnerable children. Healthy Lives, Healthy People White Paper and The Marmot Review This policy documents the government’s strategic plans to ensure the health and well-being of people. It gives emphasis to providing better care for children’s health and development because these are key in improving their educational attainment and the reduction of mental health risks, unhealthy lifestyles, hospitalization and deaths (HM Government, 2010). It addresses the issue of health inequalities as reported by Professor Sir Michael Marmot in ‘Fair Society, Healthy Lives’ (2010). This report acknowledges a social gradient in health, meaning that the poorer an individual is, the worse is his or health. Social inequality should not hinder the delivery of health care services to all. Action on health inequalities â€Å"must be universal, but with a scale and intensity that is proportionate to the level of disadvantage†. Reducing health inequalities is vital to the country’s economy, and as one delays in addressing this issue, the costs to the economy continue to increase (The Marmot Review, 2010). The Marmot Review (2010) presented six policy recommendations to target the reduction of health inequalities as follows: Give every child the best start in life Enable all children, young people and adults to maximise their capabilities and have control over their lives Create fair employment and good work for all Ensure a healthy standard of living for all Create and develop healthy and sustainable places and communities Strengthen the role and impact of ill-health prevention Healthy Lives, Healthy People (HLHP) responds to the Marmot Review’s recommendations and seeks to reduce health inequalities by cascading authority to implement programs to local communities because it is believed that local officials have a greater knowledge about the specific conditions of their constituents. With Marmot’s highest priority in their policy recommendation of providing children with the best start in life, HLHP shall invest to increase the accommodation of health visitors in public health centres partnering with the Family Nurse Partnership programme and the Sure Start Children’s Centres. Sure Start Over the years, government efforts to improve health initiatives for the poor have increased. It targeted a great reduction in health inequalities and improvement in health outcomes. Sure Start is a multi-agency working initiative established in 1999 to ensure the well-being and welfare of children. This organization implements the government’s initiative to ensure the best start in the life of every child. Start brings together early education, childcare, health and family support services for families with children aged five and under. In line with the government’s drive to fight child poverty and social exclusion, Sure Start works with parents and future parents, carers and other professionals working with children to promote the physical, intellectual and social development of babies and young children so they are readied for the challenges of school (Sure Start, 2009). Sure Start also networks with other service providers from the health, social services and early education sector as well as voluntary, private and community organisations to provide the necessary services for young children and their families (HM Government, 2006). Sure Start is one organization that shares the aim of breaking cycles of deprivation, closing achievement gaps in education between the privileged and the disadvantaged, endorsing better parenting strategies, enhancing child development, confronting poverty issues, promoting safeguarding and community cohesion and supporting healthier lifestyles and seeking opportunities for learning for all individuals (House of Commons, 2009). Childhood Obesity Embedded in Health Inequality The Black Report (1980) identifies the issue of health inequalities starting that â€Å"ill health and mortality is related to social class but also more generally to the ‘health differences between people in more or less favourable situations with respect to income, prestige (â€Å"standing in the community†) and education† (p. 1). The House of Commons (2009) identify some causes of health inequalities as lifestyle factors that people adopt that make them and the people around them unhealthy. Some of these are smoking, poor nutrition, lack of exercise and sleep. Other determinants of poor health are poverty, poor or lack of housing, employment and education and limited access to healthcare. Children are vulnerable to parental influences on health habits and attitudes because they are dependent on their parents. Section 4 of the Childcare Act of 2006 mandates local authorities to improve outcomes for all children in reducing inequalities. It was suggested that pro vision of early years services should be a priority and these should be delivered in integrated ways that maximize the access and benefits to young children and their families (Armstrong, 2007). Childhood obesity also follows the social gradient. Economic deprivation is a strange bedfellow of childhood obesity. One wonders how children of the poor can afford to eat so much to the point of obesity. This may be mainly due to the existence of ‘obesogenic environments which encourage the consumption of unhealthy foods and the adoption of lifestyle choices over healthier ones (Jones et al., 2007). With the cost of high quality healthier foods, people from low social economic status resort to buying cheap foods often lacking in the right nutrients. The feeling of deprivation may drive obese children to eat more than they should. Like the law of supply and demand, individuals who have an abundance of good food do not see much demand in it, and therefore, just eats enough as compared to individuals who seek more food because they simply do not have enough. Criticisms of the Government’s Health Reforms The Department of Health (2011a) of the English government claims to have updated its strategy on obesity in 2011 in continuation of the Healthy Weight, Healthy Lives (DH, 2008) policy commissioned under the previous administration. With the implementation of health policies, HLHP claims that progress is being made with regards to child obesity. â€Å"the rise among 2–10-year olds from 1 in 10 children in 1995 to almost 1 in 7 in 2008 appears to be levelling off. However, more than 1 in 5 children are still overweight or obese by age 3. Rates are higher among some black and minority ethnic (BME) communities and in lower socioeconomic groups.† (HM Government, 2010, p. 19) Although such report may be true, critics of this policy may doubt if such progress is directly due to the policy implementation. Since the main feature of HLHP is devolution of authority to local communities and multi-agency cooperation, sources of the cause of progress have increased. Parental awareness can be one of them, and because parents have become alerted to the risks of obesity, it is most likely that they have taken charge. It is also possible, though, that such awareness may have been borne from campaigns instituted by the government as part of HLHP. The shifting of power to local authorities have shown marked changes in some programs. For example, the programme called Change4Life recruits families to participate in regular physical activity (Change4Life, 2011). Increasing physical activity and engaging in exercise helps to maintain a healthy weight. This marketing campaign has been criticized for not directly promoting awareness on obesity and being sponsored by food and drink companies which were considered â€Å"unhealthy†. Still, this initiative was endorsed by the government because it was believed to create balance between autonomous choices of adults while protecting children from an ‘obesogenic environment’. With the implementation of HLHP’s shift in authority to more localized agencies, central government decreased its funding, changing it from a proactive central government marketing campaign for physical fitness to a light-touch brand available for sponsorship from commercial and independent partners (DH, 2011a). The effects of HLHP’s reforms in the provision of health services such as cuts in funding and less participation of central government in implementation are slowly being noticed by concerned groups (Penn Kerr, 2014). Health professionals have been lobbying for taxation of products which are high in sugar and fat and for food and drink companies to significantly reduce calories on their products as well as well as recommended the banning of junk food advertisements (UKFPH, 2011). However, with due respect to the voluntary Public Health Responsibility Deal (DH, 2011b) which the government endorsed, food and drink companies were then asked to just lower the calorie content of their products. Penn Kerr (2014) argue that while the government’s actions shows respect for the autonomy and choice of people, it also frees it from responsibilities and leaves the bulk of the accountability to companies, local authorities and individuals. The UK Faculty of Public Health (UK FPH) a grees with this contention. This group of academic commentators criticized the government for being complacent with regards to tackling the problem of rising rates of obesity. They expect more ‘upstream’ government initiatives to investigate the underlying causes of obesity such as obesogenic environments, exposure of children to unhealthy food advertisements, control and quality of school meals and food prices. They also expect less of ‘downstream’ programmes that HLHP advocates, which encourage people to be more responsible for their own health and weight (UK FPH, 2011). Children who are at risk for childhood obesity are not yet reliable in assuming responsibility for their own food choices and frequency of physical activity to maintain a healthy weight. Hence apart from the influence of their families, schools and other social, environmental and economic influences, the government should take a more active stand in its advocacy to battle childhood obesit y and intervene in alleviating health inequalities, as the Marmot Review has strongly recommended (Penn Kerr, 2014). Implications on Children Being the most vulnerable members of the population, children need to be protected from threats to their health and well-being. The people around them, their parents, teachers, peers, and health advocates and government leaders should be dutiful in modelling healthy behaviours and attitudes to steer them in the right direction that prevents them from developing obesity. Parents should avoid creating obesogenic environments for their children, meaning they themselves should avoid unhealthy food and lifestyle choices as these are easily imbibed and copied by children. It is one of their main responsibilities to nourish their children with healthy and nutritious food and beverages that will help the children to grow and develop as healthy individuals. Such healthy practices should be consistently observed in all environments children are exposed to. Schools should have health promotion programmes in place which aim to inculcate in the students the value of adopting healthy practices suc h as eating right, exercising regularly, being well-groomed, having enough rest and visiting their doctors and dentists regularly. The Healthy Lives, Healthy People policy claims to put children as their top priority in the provision of programmes that reduce health inequalities. The document presents all their good intentions in helping children have the best start in their lives and achieve a their optimal development. It takes on the challenge recommended by the Marmot Review in battling health inequalities. The government enjoins all parts of society to actively take part in pursuing their own health and well-being and foster collaborative partnerships with local communities and other agencies such as Sure Start, which actively addresses children’s rights to quality health services, care and education. Because the policy is relatively new, its ambitious strategies for public health may often be criticized and regularly evaluated if they are being effectively carried out. Health advocates similarly have the best intentions in ensuring good health in everyone else so they keep a close watch on government efforts. Even without the mandate that individuals should be responsible enough to make wise lifestyle choices for themselves and their children, common sense dictates that all individuals in their right minds are expected to do this. However, it would greatly help if the presented strategies of the HLHP are truly put in place and appropriately delivered to the people especially those who are disadvantaged by health inequalities. HLHP should keep endorsing effective health programmes especially those for children which have been adopted by schools. Since it is in schools where children usually learn conformity to societal expectations, food choices in the cafeteria should be well-pla nned, leaving out junk food which contributes to childhood obesity. The curriculum should also emphasize the pursuit of healthy living and the encouragement of physical exercise. People from the medical field, especially doctors and nurses who mainly advocate for children’s health should also take a more active stand in pushing for effective health policies. They are in a position to empower children and their families to adopt healthy lifestyles. Penn Kerr (2014). Being vigilant in watching policy implementation unfold, nurses should support strategies that best serve children’s interests and speak out when they deem that they are not working well. With regards to the prevention of childhood obesity and the reduction of health inequalities in its management, an awareness of all factors contributing to obesity, coming from the environment, economics and society in general can help nurses support children and families better by providing informed, relevant and effective guidance to battle the illness (Penn Kerr, 2014).

The Deadly Social Cloud Essay -- Smoking Tobacco Health Essays

The Deadly Social Cloud Our society is tormented everyday with a grave injustice. Americans must tolerate these hayness acts and must bear with them every single day of their lives. In regards to very strong complaints by common citizens all over the United States, laws have tried to stop certain acts that these heathens commit. I have thought out this problem in today’s society and have come up with a solution that can stop this crime throughout the United States. This social crime is that of smokers in every city of every state in the United States. Not only is the act of smoking disgusting, but also kills the person that is smoking and kills the people around that smoker. Smoking in social areas can cause everyone ill health like asthma, emphysema, lung cancer, and ultimately will cause a premature death to people who are exposed to them on an everyday basis. My plan can benefit society and the well being of the smoker and the people that are usually exposed to it. I propose that the smokers be given laws and punishments that will eventually stop them from smoking and help the common citizen to live much healthier and longer lives. These punishments will consist of three parts, fine and jail, beaten and slapped, and finally demoralized and executed. These murderous tyrants must be stopped as soon as possible and my plan will do that. Since cigarettes are the leading cause of preventable deaths in the United States, the act of smoking should be seen as the same as homicide. Although it takes longer to kill a person by smoking, it will eventually lead to death just the same. A study from the American Lung Association states that for every six people that die from cigarette related deaths around the world; one of them is an American. In the United States, cigarettes are the cause of one in every five deaths. According to a U.S. Surgeon General's report, cigarettes contain four thousand chemicals and at least forty distinct cancer-causing chemicals. This should constitute cigarettes as a deadly weapon and the person who is smoking will be convicted for attempted murder if any person is around him or her. My plan consists of three very efficient punishments to stop cigarette smoking. First time offence by a tyrannous smoker will be arrested and jailed for a minimum of thirty days and a maximum of one year depending of how many people were around that ... ...e human rights of the victims around them? Are they not aloud to have healthy long lives? I say that the right to survive for the majority of the population is much more important than the rights of a so-called human being that tries to commit suicide and kill everyone else with them. Not only are adults affected, but children are also affected by cigarette smoke. Does the future for our children out way the rights for a smoker? I say it does undoubtedly. My three-step solution to first fine and jail, second to beat and slap, and thirdly to demoralize and execute will stop all use and production of tobacco if enabled and enforced. I am a nonsmoker who has lost an aunt to this white shroud of death. Due to the effects of second hand smoke over the years my aunt acquired lung cancer at the age of twenty-four, she later died at the age of twenty-eight. Because of this fact I must strongly insist on starting my proposal as soon as possible to save the American population and the future for our children and our grandchildren. My proposal will greatly enhance the living environment for all people, in every city around the United States and ensure the quality of living for the future.

Car Manufacturer

Toyota is one of the company car manufacturer. Cars like Vios, Hilux, Sienna, Prius, Avanza, Fortuner and many more are the product that has being produce by Toyota to identify and target a market segment. Based on our analysis, the segment that has being targeted by Toyota is the Geographical, Demographic, Psychographic and Behavioral segmentation. On Geographical segmentation, Toyota has target different car in different country. Like American, Toyota has conquered the market by introduced the car Prius that is green environmental because the company know the American needs oil saving cars.On Demographic segmentation, Toyota has also target the market by gender, family size, family life cycle, income and occupation. Toyota has mostly target the women for several of their models like the Toyota Prius because women influence more on purchase decision. Other than that, Toyota has also target on family market by introducing cars like Avanza that can fit a person or a big family inside. Besides that, Toyota has also target the market that is lowered and middle income by introduced cars like Vios.It has make every people can afford a car that is high quality and economic with low price. Toyota has also targeted the industrial market by produce the cars like van and trucks that can be use in different section of occupation. Vans like Toyota Hiace are usually use in delivering goods and worker. Truck like Toyota Hilux are usually use in estate because can travelling obstacle and load goods. On psychographic segmentation, Toyota has targeted the market by lifestyle, social class and personality traits.Toyota has manufacture cars that is higher status by upgraded the design and also the engine of the car. Those car has being named Toyota Racing Development (TRD). The company has manufacture these cars so that the person that has higher lifestyle, social class and personality traits can have more choices instead of the normal types of the cars. Cars like Celica and Supr a are also the types of car that has higher lifestyle, social class and personality traits.Besides that, Toyota has also manufacture cars like Prius that is friendly environment and value conscious. On behavioral segmentation, Toyota has targeted the market by the occasions, benefits sought, user status and user rates. The company has manufacture luxury cars like Estima that can be use in different occasions like wedding. Besides that, the company has also manufactures cars like Prius that is friendly environment based on the benefits sought that the customer can enjoy the free environmental and also can reduce cost of buying fuel.Cars like Toyota Super Kings is manufacture to targeted the user status market. People that is using the cars can be categorized as high status people because of the price of the car and hard to affordable. Toyota has also targeted the market by the user rates when the people are more preferred on cars. So the company has designed more cars like Vios, Camr y, Corolla Passo and many more. These are the market segmentation that we have analyzed and the also the variables that the Toyota has being targeted.

Political Philosophy Steering the Middle Course - 1334 Words

Political philosophy is not a simple set of doctrines or theories; rather it is a way of life. The political philosopher’s life is a constant struggle between the political and the philosophical. He sees the contradictions that exist at all times in both worlds and lives with the questions more so than others. For these reasons, the true political philosopher is neither purely political nor purely philosophical. Nevertheless, a political philosophical life is worth living if the proper balance between the political and the philosophical is obtained. Socrates, founder of political philosophy, believes it necessary to be concerned with the way one should live individually and collectively, but hold it higher to try to understand this way of†¦show more content†¦Socrates breaks him down to engage him in the philosophical questions. Euthydemus is left dispirited, but continues to hang around Socrates. In Xenophon’s Socrates, Strauss draws attention to the fact that Euthydemus’s desire to learn does not make him good-natured like Socrates or Xenophon. This is clear because Xenophon says that Socrates approached people in different manners depending of their nature. Clearly, then, the Memorabilia is themed around Socrates’s encounters with people of good and less good natures, more with those of less good nature. For example, Socrates is shown to have more extent conversations with Critobulus and Euthydemus, both known to be of a less good nature. Generally, this implies that there are more people of less good nature than those of good nature. Nevertheless, it seems that Socrates takes pleasure in conversing with those of a less good nature because he can approach them where they already are, and then try to engage them in the philosophical questions. Socrates is merely encountering his surroundings along with the ascending and descending natures of people. Socrates particularly sought to live his life in this way, first by encountering the reality in front of him; and second, by trying to understand the world around him. Moreover, it could be said that Socrates is political, in the sense that he dealt with what was immediate to him. He deals with theShow MoreRelatedPolitical Philosophy: Steering the Middle Course Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesPolitical philosophy is not a simple set of doctrines or theories; rather it is a way of life. The political philosopher’s life is a constant struggle between the political and the philosophical. He sees the contradictions that exist at all times in both worlds and lives with the questions more so than others. The true political philosopher can never be purely political or purely philosophical. 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